I am a Joan L. and Julius H. Jacobson II Endowed Professor in Biomedical Research at the University of Toledo. My lab studies how the subcellular organelles, the centriole, centrosome, and cilium are formed, function, and their involvement in reproductive diseases such as infertility and miscarriages. The lab is interested in basic and translational research and studying sperm biology in fruit flies, rabbits, bovines, and humans. The lab discoveries include: a new type of centriole – the sperm atypical centriole; that sperm centrioles must be modified to function in spermatozoon; that the cilia's transition zone migrates to form cytoplasmic sperm cilium; that tubulin functions as a switch protein in centrosome assembly; and that Asterless/Cep152 is essential for centriole duplication. Before joining the University of Toledo, I was at Harvard Medical School in Boston, where I was an Assistant Professor and studied the centrosome. My Post-doctorate studies were at the University of California San Diego, in the Howard Hughes Medical Institute lab of Dr. Charles Zuker, working on how the cilium is formed. I obtained my Ph. D. from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, studying the mechanism of opiate addiction in the lab of Dr. Zvi Vogel. I received my M. Sc. and B. Sc. from Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, where I studied how cells released neurotransmitters.