State of Ohio Adversity and Resilience (SOAR) study protocol: a comprehensive, multimodal, family-based, longitudinal observational investigation of risk and resilience in mental health and substance use disorders

King, Anthony P; Langenecker, Scott; Gorka, Stephanie M; Turner, Jessica; Wang, Lei; Wastler, Heather; Gonzalez, Marybel; Christian, Lisa M; Keck, Canada; Olsen, Randall; Kim, Hyoshin; Klamer, Brett; Fernandez, Soledad; Adler, Caleb; Andari, Elissar; Barrenger, Stacey L; Bonfine, Natalie; Bozzay, Melanie; Brown, Susan L; Browning, Christopher; Burkhouse, Katie; Carter, Kathleen; Cecil, Kim; Coifman, Karin G; Coccaro, Emil; Crawford, Timothy N; Cronin, Cory; Delbello, Melissa; Duchemin, Anne-Mari M; Evans, Steven W; Flask, Chris; Forney, K Jea J; Grant, Larrilyn; Gunstad, John; Hershberger, Paul J; Hoskinson, Kristen R; Klein, Christina; Koenig, Sara; McVoy, Molly; Miller, Paula K; Moreno, Jose; Nelson, Eric E; Nesse, Randolph; Nguyen, Christopher; Nomaguchi, Kei; Paolella, Alissa; Perdomo, Edison; Odden, Colin; Sajatovic, Martha; McCullumsmith, Robert; Trauth, Jonathan; Tso, Ivy; Wang, Xin; Weinandy, Jennifer T; Westrick-Payne, Krista K; Winbush, Greta; Wymbs, Brian T; Xie, Hong; Gavazzi, Steve; Huerta, Timothy R; Maynard-Wentzel, Grace; Kraguljac, Nina; Phan, K Lua L

Deaths related to drug overdose and suicide in the USA have increased 500% and 35%, respectively, over the last two decades. The human and economic costs to society associated with these 'deaths of despair' are immense. Great efforts and substantial investments have been made in treatment and prevention, yet these efforts have not abated these increasing trajectories of deaths over time. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated and highlighted these problems. Notably, some geographical areas (eg, Appalachia, farmland) and some communities (eg, low-income persons, 'essential workers', minoritised populations) have been disproportionately affected. Risk factors have been identified for substance use and suicide deaths: forms of adversity, neglect, opportunity indexes and trauma. Yet, the biological, psychological and social mechanisms driving risk are not uniform. Notably, most people exposed to risk factors do not become symptomatic and could broadly be considered resilient. Achieving a better understanding of biological, psychological and social mechanisms underlying both pathology and resilience will be crucial for improving approaches for prevention and treatment and creating precision medicine approaches for more efficient and effective treatment.

State of Ohio Adversity and Resilience (SOAR) study protocol: a comprehensive, multimodal, family-based, longitudinal observational investigation of risk and resilience in mental health and substance use disorders Article (Faculty180)