Assessment is associated with activities ranging from within courses to program review to college and institutional accreditation. Therefore, it is beneficial to examine learning outcomes and academic quality from a perspective that considers multiple levels. This paper has two goals. First it proposes a competency-based assessment model that informs assessment activities, processes, and decision making at the course and program levels. The proposed model is an integration of existing learning frameworks and can be applied to any academic program. The second goal is to demonstrate how the proposed model can be implemented in graduate-level education. Two pilot case studies – one program and one course – were conducted. The results of both case studies are linked to show how the proposed model facilitates micro- and macro-level competency-based assessment. Limitations and further research are discussed.