An original study of the Prophet Muhammad's famous charter of Medina, that has been called the first ever written constitution in the world. The study makes a major revisionist claim and argues that it is misleading to label this important document a "constitution". It is a detailed new translation and commentary as well as historical analysis totaling little over 15000 words in addition to extensive footnotes. The venue (Yaqeen Institute) is a major internationally significant Islamic research institute that publishes publicly relevant research and is accessed by both academics and the public.